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For most situations, the default ProGuard rules file proguard-android- optimize. However, some situations are difficult for R8 to analyze correctly and it might remove code your app actually needs.
Some examples of when it might incorrectly remove code include:. Testing your app should reveal any errors caused by inappropriately removed code, but you can also inspect what code was removed by generating a report of removed code. To fix errors and force R8 to keep certain code, add a -keep line in the ProGuard rules file.
For example:. Alternatively, you can add the Keep annotation to the code you want to keep. Adding Keep on a class keeps the entire class as-is. Note that this annotation is available only when using the AndroidX Annotations Library and when you include the ProGuard rules file that is packaged with the Android Gradle plugin, as described in the section about how to enable shrinking.
There are many considerations you should make when using the -keep option; for more information about customizing your rules file, read the ProGuard Manual. The Troubleshooting section outlines other common problems you might encounter when your code gets stripped away. By default, native code libraries are stripped in release builds of your app.
This stripping consists of removing the symbol table and debugging information contained in any native libraries used by your app. Stripping native code libraries results in significant size savings; however, it's impossible to diagnose crashes on the Google Play Console due to the missing information such as class and function names. The Google Play Console reports native crashes under Android vitals. With a few steps, you can generate and upload a native debug symbols file for your app.
This file enables symbolicated native crash stack traces that include class and function names in Android vitals to help you debug your app in production. These steps vary depending on the version of the Android Gradle plugin used in your project and the build output of your project. If your project builds an Android App Bundle, you can automatically include the native debug symbols file in it.
To include this file in release builds, add the following to your app's build. If your project builds an APK, use the build. Manually upload the native debug symbols file to the Google Play Console. As part of the build process, the Android Gradle plugin outputs this file in the following project location:. As part of the build process, the Android Gradle plugin keeps a copy of the unstripped libraries in a project directory.
This directory structure is similar to the following:. Manually upload the symbols. Resource shrinking works only in conjunction with code shrinking. After the code shrinker removes all unused code, the resource shrinker can identify which resources the app still uses. This is especially true when you add code libraries that include resources—you must remove unused library code so the library resources become unreferenced and, thus, removable by the resource shrinker.
To enable resource shrinking, set the shrinkResources property to true in your build. If you haven't already built your app using minifyEnabled for code shrinking, then try that before enabling shrinkResources , because you might need to edit your proguard-rules.
Both attributes accept a comma-separated list of resource names. You can use the asterisk character as a wild card. The build does not package this file into your app. Specifying which resources to discard might seem silly when you could instead delete them, but this can be useful when using build variants. For example, you might put all your resources into the common project directory, then create a different keep.
It's also possible that the build tools incorrectly identified a resource as needed, which is possible because the compiler adds the resource IDs inline and then the resource analyzer might not know the difference between a genuinely referenced resource and an integer value in the code that happens to have the same value. Normally, the resource shrinker can accurately determine whether a resource is used. However, if your code makes a call to Resources.
When you do this, the resource shrinker behaves defensively by default and marks all resources with a matching name format as potentially used and unavailable for removal. If it finds strings like this or others that look like they could be used to construct URLs like this, it doesn't remove them.
If instead your app is already signed and published to the Google Play store with an existing app signing key, use it to sign your app and make sure to encrypt and export it to opt your app in to Play App Signing. To sign your app using Android Studio, and export an existing app signing key, follow these steps:. Specify the path to your keystore, the alias for your key, and enter the passwords for both. If you haven't yet prepared your upload keystore and key, first Generate an upload key and keystore and then return to complete this step.
Figure 3. Sign your app with your upload key. You can then use your encrypted app signing key to opt in an existing app into Play App Signing.
In the next window shown in figure 4 , select a destination folder for your signed app, select the build type, choose the product flavor s if applicable. If you are building and signing an APK, you need to select which Signature Versions you want your app to support. To learn more, read about app signing schemes. Figure 4. Generate a signed version of your app for the selected product flavors. Figure 5. Click the link in the popup to analyze or locate your app bundle, or locate your exported signing key.
After Android Studio finishes building your signed app, you can either locate or analyze your app by clicking on the appropriate option in the pop-up notification.
If you selected the option to export your signing key, you can quickly navigate to it by clicking the dropdown arrow in the bottom right corner of the popup to expand it and clicking Show Exported Key File , as shown in figure 5. Otherwise, continue to the page about how to Upload your app to the Play Console. As described earlier in this page, configuring Play App Signing is required to sign your app for distribution through Google Play except for apps created before August , which may continue distributing self-signed APKs.
The steps you need to take depend on whether your app has not yet been published to Google Play, or your app is already signed and was published before August using an existing app signing key. To configure signing for an app that has not yet been published to Google Play, proceed as follows:.
In the section called App Bundles , click Browse files to locate and upload the app you signed using your upload key. If you need to create a new upload key for you app, go to the section about how to Reset a lost or compromised private upload key. Google Play now signs your app with your existing key when deploying it to users.
However, one of the most important benefits to Play App Signing is the ability to separate the key you use to sign the artifact you upload to Google Play from the key that Google Play uses to sign your app for distribution to users. So, consider following the steps in the next section to generate and register a separate upload key. When you're publishing an app that is not signed by an upload key, the Google Play Console provides the option to register one for future updates to the app.
That way, Google keeps your signing key secure, and you have the option to reset a lost or compromised private upload key. This section describes how to create an upload key, generate an upload certificate from it, and register that certificate with Google Play for future updates of your app.
The following describes the situations in which you see the option to register an upload certificate in the Play Console:. After you create your upload key and keystore, you need to generate a public certificate from your upload key using keytool , with the following command:. Now that you have your upload certificate, register it with Google when prompted in the Play Console or read the section below to register it though the Google Play support team.
In some circumstances, you might want to change your app's signing key. For example, because you want a cryptographically stronger key or your signing key has been compromised. However, because users can only update your app if the update is signed with the same signing key, it's difficult to change the signing key for an app that's already published. If you publish your app to Google Play, you can upgrade the siging key for your published app through the Play Console—your new key is used to sign new installs and app updates, while your older app signing key is used to sign updates for users who installed your app before the key upgrade.
To learn more, read Upgrade your app signing key for new installs. If you lost your private upload key or your private key has been compromised, you can create a new one and contact the Google Play support team to reset the key.
In Android Studio, you can configure your project to sign the release version of your app automatically during the build process by creating a signing configuration and assigning it to your release build type. A signing configuration consists of a keystore location, keystore password, key alias, and key password. To create a signing configuration and assign it to your release build type using Android Studio, complete the following steps:.
Select your keystore file, enter a name for this signing configuration as you may create more than one , and enter the required information. Figure 7. Works with any guitar. How it […]. TwitPane TwitPane is a light weight and powerful Twitter app Timeline in chronological order, […]. Megapolis Mod Apk 5. Cafeland World Kitchen 2. TwitPane Mod Apk Facebook Twitter Telegram Youtube.
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